Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids, lactate, glycerol, and pyruvate. Glucogenesis occurs mainly in the liver, but it also occurs to a lesser extent in the kidneys and small intestine.
The process of glucogenesis is initiated by the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase, which converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is then converted into phosphoenolpyruvate by the action of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This step requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.
PEPCK then catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, which is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. Glucose-6-phosphate can then be converted into glucose, which can be released into the bloodstream to be used by the body's tissues.
Glucogenesis is an important process for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting or prolonged exercise, when glycogen stores in the liver are depleted. It also plays a role in the synthesis of glucose for the brain, which is dependent on glucose as its primary energy source.
Tuesday, March 14, 2023
Glucogenesis
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